Protocoldocs/protocol/parameters.md

Consensus parameters — v2

These are the active v2 rules, applicable from mainnet H210537. Before that height, the archived profile applies. Mainnet genesis is 2026-08-21 16:00:00 UTC (1787328000).

Parameter V2 value
Target block interval 30 s
ASERT reference epoch / half-life 6 blocks / 180 s
Median-time-past / future drift 11 headers / 120 s
Transaction epoch 144 blocks ≈ 72 min
Hard finality / maximum reorg 18 / 17 blocks
Authenticated recent suffix 18 blocks ≈ 9 min
Body / undo retention 42 / 36 blocks ≈ 21 / 18 min
Small m23 / 63 pages / 504 inputs / 63 calls
Large m24 / 206 pages / 504 inputs / 63 calls
Contract ABI 3 / 16 instructions / 2 persistent u64 / 2 scratch u64
State domain / segment 2^24…2^32 / 2^16 slots
Expansion ≥75% occupancy in 10 of 18 finalized headers
Touched segments per block 256
Physical page 323 bytes / 8 inputs / 2 outputs
Ordinary logical transaction 1…128 pages, subject to class page/input budgets
Header / canonical block decode cap 212 / 82,905 bytes
Transaction tree 256 leaves, logical transaction IDs
Terminal transport cap 1,100,000 bytes
Terminal bound Small / Large 1,014,132 / 1,081,396 bytes
One-time fork-origin response cap 48 MiB
Authorization / ordinary intent wire caps 256 KiB / 303,495 bytes
Ordinary / contract receipt decode caps 128 KiB / 1,110,624 bytes
RPC HTTP request cap 2,237,632 bytes
Mempool count / byte budget 1,024 / 384 MiB
P2P / local RPC 9600 / 9601
External template lifetime 30 s after preparation

Page, input and call budgets apply together. A call uses one page and one input. Small holds 63 one-page payments or 63 calls; Large holds 206 one-page payments or 63 calls plus 143 payments, subject to 504 total live inputs. The primary coinbase is separate. An additional mandatory system page reduces available user pages to 62 or 205 on that block.

Large production requires server opt-in --v2-large-blocks; all nodes verify both classes. The GUI has no Large control. Enabling the flag permits the fee-based selector to choose Large; it does not force every block to use it.

The physical codec accepts up to 256 bodies, 1,020 inputs and 256 outputs in a logical spend where applicable to historical data. V2 admission additionally requires at most 504 inputs and the selected class's page budget. Never use a wire-codec bound as a promised active capacity. Counts in blocks are consensus rules; minute equivalents use the target interval and are not deadlines.

Issuance is 16 → 11.30 → 8 → 5.65 → 4 → 2.83 → 2 → 1.41 → 1 NOID, one step per 1,051,200 blocks from activation. See network economics for exact amounts, fees and rationale; contracts for core limits, and performance for measured costs.

ParanO(1)d technical documentationSource code defines consensus behavior.